Colonoscopies: What You Need to Know — When, Why, and How
March is National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month. And, colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States — but it’s also one of the most preventable. The best tool we have for prevention is the colonoscopy, a screening test that can detect problems early, often before symptoms appear.
When Should You Get a Colonoscopy?
Most adults: Start screening at age 45, according to current guidelines.
Earlier screening: If you have a family history of colorectal cancer, certain genetic conditions, or other risk factors, your provider may recommend starting sooner.
Follow-up screenings: How often you need one depends on your results and risk factors — typically every 10 years if no issues are found, but possibly more often if there’s a history of polyps or other concerns.
Why It Matters
A colonoscopy can detect polyps — small growths in the colon that can turn into cancer over time. If a polyp is found, it can be removed right away during the procedure, which can stop cancer before it starts. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer today. According to the American Cancer Society, the statistics for 2024 were:
Incidence: 152,810 new cases
Mortality: 53,010 deaths
Lifetime risk: 1 in 23 for men, 1 in 25 for women
It is the third most common cancer diagnosed in the United States.
Early detection means more treatment options and a higher survival rate.
Preventive care like this is not just about living longer — it’s about living healthier.
How to Book a Colonoscopy
Talk to your primary care provider — they can refer you to a gastroenterologist.
Contact the gastroenterology office to schedule your procedure, talk about costs.
Ask about preparation — you’ll receive instructions for a special diet and bowel prep before your appointment.
Many hospitals and health systems in New Hampshire also offer scheduling through patient portals, making it easier to get on the calendar.
What Does It Cost?
Under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), screening colonoscopies are covered by most insurance plans without a copay or deductible — as long as they’re preventive.
Important: If a polyp is found and removed, the procedure may be reclassified from “screening” to “diagnostic,” which can result in out-of-pocket costs. This is a common surprise for patients, so it’s worth asking your insurance provider how they handle this situation.
For those without insurance, some hospitals and community health centers offer reduced-cost or charity care options.
Take the Next Step
If you’re 45 or older — or have risk factors that put you at higher risk — a colonoscopy could save your life. Talk to your doctor today about scheduling your screening and take charge of your colorectal health.