The Most Dangerous Skin Cancer — And What You Can Do About It

Melanoma

Melanoma may account for only a small percentage of skin cancer cases in New Hampshire, but it causes the vast majority of skin cancer deaths. That’s because melanoma, if not caught early, can spread quickly to other parts of the body. The good news is that when detected early, melanoma is highly treatable — and largely preventable.

Melanoma begins in the melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment in the skin. It often appears as a new mole or a change in an existing one, and it can develop anywhere on the body, even in areas that aren’t typically exposed to the sun.

To help recognize the warning signs, dermatologists use the ABCDE rule:

A stands for asymmetry, when one half of a mole doesn’t match the other.

B is for border, where the edges are irregular, ragged, or blurred.

C is for color, which can vary across the mole with different shades of brown, black, red, or even blue.

D refers to diameter, as melanomas are usually larger than 6 millimeters.

E is for evolving, meaning the mole changes over time in size, shape, or color.

Anyone can develop melanoma, but some people face higher risks. Those with fair skin, light hair and eyes, a history of severe sunburns, frequent sun or tanning bed exposure, or a family history of melanoma are particularly vulnerable. Having many or unusual moles also increases risk.

The best defense against melanoma is prevention. Using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher, wearing protective clothing and hats, avoiding tanning beds, and seeking shade during peak sun hours can all help reduce your risk. It’s also important to get to know your skin — checking it regularly and noticing changes can lead to earlier detection.

Early detection is key. Annual skin checks with a healthcare provider can catch changes before they become dangerous. If you see something suspicious, don’t wait — make an appointment.

Melanoma awareness isn’t just a summer concern. It’s a year-round commitment to health. Protect your skin, protect your life — and encourage others to do the same.